What Are the Odds?
Evolution preaches that nothing except random chance in connection with survival of the fittest produced immense complexity of life that is common knowledge today. Since survival of the fittest does nothing but remove changes that had been created by chance, it is chance and chance alone that is supposed to create the changes in the first place.
Natural selection is a linear theory of accidental, incremental, generation by generation changes due to chance beneficial mutations and environmental stresses.
The structures that form the basis for life, such as genes, are composed of parts that must be arranged in particular patterns. The same is true for the connections in a brain; they have to fit together properly.
What are the odds that incremental, accidental changes could create the proper arrangement in the connections of the brain or create the proper arrangement of the molecules a gene?
There is an established mathematical formula that calculates the odds of random arrangments by calculating how many different arrangements can exist within a particular group.
For instance, consider a two cards, a Queen and a Jack. A Queen and a Jack can be arranged in just two ways. Queen-Jack or Jack-Queen. The formula to determine how many arrangements there are is 1 x 2 = 2. If the King is added then there are three cards and three arrangements for each of the two cards other cards. The forumla to determine how many different arrangements is 1 x 2 x 3= 6. There are 6 different ways to arrange 3 cards. So, the chances that any one arrangement would occur by chance are one in 6.
When a 4th card is added, there are 4 new arrangements for each one of all of the other arrangements. The formula is 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 = 24.
To get the new number of arrangements for each new card, multiply the total number of cards by the number of prior arrangements. This is a commonly known mathematical formula.
If there were 5 cards, then the chances of a particular arrangement by chance are 1 in 120 (1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5).
We suggest that you click here to see how this works, otherwise you may find it difficult to believe what follows. Because when you get to the 20th card, there are more different combinations of cards than there are seconds in two billion years.
If the 6th card is added there are now 6 new arrangements for each of the already existing 120 arrangements, so the formula is 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 = 720. There are 720 random ways to arrange 6 cards.
If there were 7 cards, then the chances are 1 in 5040 (1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 5040). If 8 cards, then one in 40300.
With 9 cards there are 362,880 different arrangements, with 10 cards there are 3,628,800, with 11 there are 39,916,800, with 12 there are 479,001,600, with 13 there are 6,227,020,800, with 14 there are 87,178,291,200, with 15 there are 1,307,674,368,000, with 16 there are 20,922,789,888,000, with 17 there are 355,687,428,096,000, with 18 there are 6,402,373,705,728,000, with 19 there are 121,645,100,408,832,000, and with 20 there are 2,432,902,008,176,640,000 random combinations.
There are only 1,051,200,000,000,000 seconds in two billion years. Therefore, with the random combinations of just 20 cards, one has already surpassed the number of seconds in two billion years by more than two thousand times.
Thus, if a particular arrangement 20 cards or molecules is required, the chances of getting that arrangement by chance is 1 in 2,432,902,008,176,640,000.
DNA contains the chemical formula for CRX, which is a protein that participates in the control of the activity of eyesight genes. It consists of 23,551 base pairs of instructions that are arranged in a particular pattern. The chances of those instructions falling in that particular pattern by chance are 1 in 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 . . . x 23,551. There is no name for that number, nor is there sufficient space on this computer screen to write it. And that is just one gene.
See Chances of a Particular Arrangement This is a graphic representation of these chances.
One of the leading evolutionists, who is, according to news reports no longer entirely certain that evolution is the only explanation gives us a computer program is supposed to emulate evolution an explain the inconceivable depth of these numbers with only 20 variables and a pre-determined outcome. He is mistaken. See The Weasel Limerick.
NEUROLOGICAL CONNECTIONS IN THE BRAIN OF A HUMAN
There are 1,000,000,000,000,000 cards in the "deck" of neurological connections in a human brain. The number of arrangements is incalculable. So, for the sake of argument, let is simply ignor the impossible odds of forming the correct arrangement by chance.
Instead, let us suppose these neurological connections evolved perfectly, with no mistakes whatever. Suppose they were simply "produced" in an assembly line with no no mistakes and installed according to "plan." How long would it take to produce evolve a brain? If all the connections were produced on a regular basis with no mistakes, no need for the survival of the fittest and without the need of generations that slowly bettered themselves, if they were simply produced perfectly formed and perfectly installed, how long would it take? If the producers had 2 billion years to do it? At the rate of one every ten seconds at the end of 2 billion years, they would be 18 billion years behind schedule.
There are 1,051,200,000,000,000 seconds in two billion years and there are 1,000,000,000,000,000 neurological connections - this would require a rate of evolution of approximately one fully perfected connection per second for two billion years. And is hardly even the beginning, because at the same time one would have to evolve a non-physical code that describes not only millions upon millions of separate colors, but also every sensation, emotion and creates a living electonic mechanism that can think.
The chances of both the accidental creation of the neurons and the arrangement of them are even greater, because the connections and the circuitry must be coincident. They must happen at the same time for every connection and the timing and firing of each neuron must be timed down to the nanosecond. The creation of this circuitry involves the creation of exactly the correct electrical current mechanism, creation of the appropriate code used to communicate with other cells, the appropriate size and placement of the neuron (some neurons stretch from the head the toes), the appropriate insulation of the neurological channels, the proper timing mechanisms and unnumbered other characteristics that are properly arranged and organized down to the molecular level and below.
DNA
An occurrence that has more than one chance in 1050, it has a statistically zero chance of actually occurring.
"Mathematicians agree that any requisite number beyond 1050 has, statistically, a zero probability of occurrence."
I.L. Cohen, Darwin Was Wrong: A Study in Probabilities (New York: NW Research Publications, Inc., 1984), p. 205 (as quoted in Vance Ferrell, The Evolution Handbook (Evolution Facts, Inc., Altamont TN, 2001) p. 260
In order to circumvent the problem of statistical zero, evolutionists often argue that "Given enough time, anything can happen." This is not a rational argument. It proves nothing. It is a reference to practically infinite periods of time that lie beyond statistical zero.
"A further aspect I should like to discuss is what I call the practice of avoiding the conclusion that the probability of a self-producing state is zero ... When for practical purposes the condition of infinite time and matter has to be invoked, the concept of probability is annulled. By such logic we can prove anything ... "
P.T. Mora, The Folly of Probability, as quoted in Origins 13(2):98-104 (1986) Geoscience Research Institute, Loma Lind University, 1986. Emphasis supplied.
In fact the chances of the chance formation of just DNA - much less all of the applications of DNA - are so remote, they are far beyond statistical zero.
"This means that 1089190 DNA molecules, on average, must form to provide the one chance of forming the specific DNA sequence necessary to code 124 proteins. 1089190 DNAs would weigh 1089147 more than the earth ... A quantity of DNA this colossal could never have been formed.
R.L. Wysong, The Creation Evolution Controversy, (Inquiry Press, Midland MI, 1976) p.115, as quoted in The Evolution Handbook (Evolution Facts, Inc., Altamont TN, 2001) p. 261.
But evolutionists argue that there are a multitude of factors that effect and direct changes in species, and the world is a dynamic and changing environment with innumerable forces that cannot be predicted.
This argument is impotent to contest the statistical facts. Because no matter what grandiose theories are proposed, ultimately the sequence of the DNA molecule had to have been worked out and installed by chance and elements until the proper sequence was produced. And there are 1089190 random possibilities to be addressed before deriving the formulae for only 125 proteins. And there are at least 20,000 proteins and enzymes written into the DNA molecule.
And that is only the formula for the proteins. Evolution must still conjure up a sufficient number of fortunate mutations to create the machinery to locate the appropriate instructions, copy it, translate it and assemble the requisite molecules. Just locating the appropriate protein in a strand of DNA is impossibly difficult for anything but supernatural intelligence.
CARDS
It is common knowledge that there are approximately 3,000,000,000 neucleotides in human DNA. These neucleotides have been compared to letters in a 24 letter alphabet. If each playing card contained a letter and 3,000,000,000 playing cards were stacked on top of each other, they would comprise a deck of cards that is approximately 910 miles long. [assuming a deck of cards is an inch high, 3,000,000,000 inches / 52 cards = 57,692,307 inches of cards / 12 = 4,807,692 feet of cards / 5280 = 910 miles of cards].
Evolutionists want you to believe that this deck was shuffled by the forces of nature and dying animals so often that finally the letters of each card spelled out the correct chemical formula for 20,000 human proteins - including correctly placed separators that mark where the formula for one protein ends and the next one begins.
God or no God, that argument is absurd.
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Billions and billions of accidents do not even come close to account for what is now common scientific knowledge. One can believe that this occurred by accident only if one has previously determined that under no circumstances would one admit the possibility of the existence of God.
But, of course, that is exactly what evolutionists do - they predetermine that under no circumstance will they ever admit the possibility of a Creator, even if there is no evidence for evolution at all.
"Even if there were no actual evidence in favor of the Darwinian theory ... we would still be justified in preferring it over rival theories [creationism]."
Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (NY Norton, 1986), 287, emphasis in the original.
The basis for conclusions of this nature is obviously not observed facts. It is a predetermined theological conviction in the garb of science that will not be swayed with any observation whatever, not even if the chemical formula for 20,000 proteins were inscribed upon a molecule...